Retainers are an essential part of orthodontic treatment, including Invisalign. They are required to maintain the alignment and stability of the teeth after the primary orthodontic treatment is completed.

Missing lateral incisors, a condition known as hypodontia or congenital absence of lateral incisors, is relatively common.

Hypermineralization and hypomineralization are dental conditions that affect the enamel of the teeth, potentially leading to visual changes like stains, mottling, or discoloration.