Dental cavities, also known as caries or tooth decay, are damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes. Cavities are caused by a combination of factors, including bacteria in your mouth, frequent snacking, sipping sugary drinks, and not cleaning your teeth well.

Hypermineralisation and hypomineralisation are dental conditions that affect the enamel of the teeth, potentially leading to visual changes like stains, mottling, or discoloration.

Missing lateral incisors, a condition known as hypodontia or congenital absence of lateral incisors, is relatively common.