How is Exocad used in dentistry

Exocad is a prominent dental CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software widely used in digital dentistry for designing and fabricating various dental restorations and appliances. It plays a key role in the workflow of digital dentistry. Here's how Exocad is typically used:

1. Digital Impressions:

The process begins with the acquisition of digital impressions of the patient's mouth. This can be done using an intraoral scanner that captures detailed 3D images of the teeth and gums.

2. Importing Scans:

These digital impressions are imported into the Exocad software. The software is compatible with data from a wide range of intraoral scanners.

3. Designing Restorations:

Once the digital model is in the software, dental professionals use Exocad's tools to design dental restorations. This can include crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, dentures, and even orthodontic appliances. The software provides a high degree of customization, allowing for precise adjustments to fit the patient's specific dental anatomy.

4. Virtual Articulation and Occlusion Analysis:

Exocad also allows for virtual articulation, where the software simulates the patient’s jaw movement to analyse bite and occlusion. This ensures that the designed restoration will not only fit well but also function properly within the patient’s bite.

5. Integration with Manufacturing:

After the design phase, the data can be sent to milling machines or 3D printers for fabrication. This is where the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) process meets CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing). The Exocad software is compatible with a wide range of milling machines and 3D printers, making it versatile for different manufacturing processes.

6. Material Selection:

Exocad supports designing with various materials including ceramics, zirconia, resins, metals, and more. This flexibility allows dental professionals to choose the appropriate material for each specific case.

7. Customization and Add-On Modules:

Exocad offers various modules and add-ons for specialised tasks such as implantology, bar design, model creation, and full denture design, among others. This allows dental practices to expand their service offerings.

8. Visualisation and Patient Communication:

The software provides realistic visualisations of the final restorations. This can be helpful for patient education and for explaining the treatment plan.

9. Ongoing Updates and Support:

Exocad frequently updates its software to incorporate the latest advancements in digital dentistry, ensuring that users have access to cutting-edge tools.

In summary, Exocad streamlines the process of designing dental restorations and appliances, making it faster, more efficient, and often more accurate compared to traditional methods. Its flexibility and wide range of functionalities make it a valuable tool in modern dental practices, especially those focusing on prosthodontics and cosmetic dentistry.

The science behind how teeth can become sensitive with professional teeth whitening

Teeth sensitivity following professional whitening is a common side effect, and it occurs due to several factors related to the whitening process and the structure of the teeth. Here's the science and reasoning behind this sensitivity:

1. Penetration of Whitening Agents:

- Professional whitening treatments typically use strong bleaching agents, such as hydrogen peroxide. These agents penetrate the enamel to reach the dentin, the layer beneath the enamel, which contains microscopic tubules leading to the dental pulp (the innermost part of the tooth where nerves and blood vessels reside).

- The bleaching agents can temporarily enlarge these tubules or remove the plug-like material that seals them, exposing the nerves to external stimuli.

2. Exposure of Dentinal Tubules:

- During the whitening process, the protective layer of protein that covers the tubules in the dentin can be disturbed or removed. This exposes the nerves within the tubules to external changes, such as temperature, leading to sensitivity.

3. Dehydration of the Tooth:

- The whitening process can cause temporary dehydration of the tooth, making it more prone to sensitivity. When the teeth are dehydrated, the dentin contracts slightly, which can pull on the nerves within the tooth and cause discomfort.

4. Inflammatory Response:

- The whitening agents can induce a mild inflammatory response in the dental pulp, which increases pressure inside the tooth, contributing to sensitivity.

5. Pre-existing Dental Conditions:

- Individuals with pre-existing dental conditions such as gum recession, enamel erosion, or existing tooth sensitivity may experience more pronounced sensitivity after whitening treatments.

6. Concentration and Duration of Treatment:

- The concentration of the bleaching agent and the duration of its application can impact the degree of sensitivity. Higher concentrations and longer application times generally increase the likelihood of sensitivity.

The sensitivity experienced after teeth whitening is usually temporary and should subside within a few days after the treatment. To mitigate sensitivity, dentists may recommend:

- Using toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth before and after the whitening treatment.

- Limiting exposure to very hot or cold foods and beverages immediately following the treatment.

- Using fluoride treatments or desensitising agents to help remineralise the teeth and reduce sensitivity.

It's important for anyone considering professional whitening to discuss their concerns and dental history with a dentist, as they can provide tailored advice and help minimise discomfort.

What technique is recommended for brushing teeth including timing and frequency

Brushing your teeth effectively involves a combination of the right technique, timing, and frequency. Here are the recommended practices:

Technique:

Angle the bristles: Place your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to the gums.

Gentle strokes: Use gentle, circular motions. Avoid harsh scrubbing.

Brush all surfaces: Clean the outer surfaces, inner surfaces, and the chewing surfaces of the teeth.

Clean the inner front teeth: Tilt the brush vertically and make several up-and-down strokes.

Brush your tongue: This removes bacteria and keeps your breath fresh.

Timing:

Duration: Brush for at least two minutes, spending about 30 seconds on each quadrant of your mouth.

Timer: Consider using a timer or an electric toothbrush with a built-in timer to ensure you're brushing for the full two minutes.

Frequency:

Twice a day: It's generally recommended to brush your teeth at least twice a day - once in the morning and once before going to bed.

Additional Tips:

Toothbrush choice: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush, which is gentle on your gums.

Toothpaste: Use fluoride toothpaste to protect against decay.

Replacement: Replace your toothbrush every three to four months or sooner if the bristles are frayed.

Remember, good brushing technique is key to maintaining oral health. Alongside brushing, don't forget to floss daily to clean between your teeth where a toothbrush can't reach. Regular dental check-ups are also essential to maintain good oral health.